What are the 5 conditions of Hardy-Weinberg?

• A. Random Mating 2) Large Population 3) Equal Fitness 4) Equal Fertility 5) Equal Gene Frequencies Among the Sexes
• B. Random Mating 2) Small Population 3) Equal Fitness 4) Equal Fertility 5) Equal Gene Frequencies Among the Sexes
• C. Random Mating 2) Large Population 3) Different Fitness 4) Equal Fertility 5) Equal Gene Frequencies Among the Sexes
• D. Non-Random Mating 2) Large Population 3) Equal Fitness 4) Equal Fertility 5) Equal Gene Frequencies Among the Sexes

Answer: (A)

The main idea being tested is that allele and genotype frequencies stay constant from generation to generation only when there are no evolutionary forces acting. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires that mating is random, the population is effectively very large to avoid drift, there is no differential survival or reproduction (no selection), and there are no differences in allele frequencies between the sexes.

The best choice captures those ideas by stating random mating and a large population, plus conditions that imply no selection (equal fitness and equal fertility) and no sex-linked differences in allele frequencies (equal gene frequencies among the sexes). If any of these conditions break—non-random mating, a small population, or any form of differential fitness or fertility, or sex-specific differences in allele frequencies—the equilibrium would be disrupted and allele/genotype frequencies would change over time.

So this option aligns with the concept that under Hardy-Weinberg, with those conditions met, genotype frequencies follow p^2:2pq:q^2 and remain stable across generations.